Open Herald: Periodical of Methodical Research
Open Herald: Periodical of Methodical Research focuses on the novel technologies and/or approaches to provide and characterize chemical and biological and applied sciences. The journal focuses on the discoveries, studies, analysis and inventions in biological and applied sciences with a scientific rigor and impact on the research that: Enables and improves the target validation Evaluates current applications and technologies Provides novel research tools and methodologies Carry out the analysis and inventions Incorporates research approaches that enhance the depth of knowledge and applications Success discovery The journal is international and interdisciplinary, inviting contributions from across the globe and from various academic disciplines. Special issues are often devoted to specific emerging areas of study with guest editors assisting in the editorial process. Frequency of Publication: Monthly (12 Issues per Year) ISSN (E): 2810-6385 IFSIJ JIF: 7.825 Accepted Language: Primary language of publication is English, while the journal accepts all languages such as Russian, German, Spanish, Swedish, French, Finnish for publication.
Clinico-Functional Parallels And Mechanisms Of СоAdjacency Between Chronic Gastroduodenal And Hepatobiliary Pathology In Children
Chronic digestive disorders in pediatric patients are characterized by a high frequency of concomitant lesions across various gastrointestinal tracts, among which interconnected impairments of the gastroduodenal zone and the hepatobiliary system hold a distinct position. This article presents the results of an analysis investigating the pathogenic со-adjacency of chronic gastroduodenitis and biliary tract dysfunction in the pediatric population. Key neurohumoral and motor-evacuation mechanisms supporting the mutual aggravation of inflammatory-destructive processes in the upper gastrointestinal mucosa and motor-tonic disorders of the biliary tract are thoroughly reviewed. The clinical necessity for a comprehensive, coordinated therapeutic approach to managing this combined pathology is substantiated in order to prevent disease chronicity and improve the overall quality of life in young patients.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Current State and Challenges of Foreign Exchange Market Liberalization and Private Currency Exchange Legalization
The article analyzes the current state, barriers, and prospects of foreign exchange market liberalization in Uzbekistan. It examines the constraints of the existing banking monopoly on exchange operations, which fosters the shadow economy and creates economic risks. A comparative analysis of international practices (Poland, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Spain, etc.) is provided. The paper proposes an optimal hybrid reform scenario that introduces licensed non-banking exchange offices and digital P2P platforms under the supervision of the Central Bank. It evaluates potential economic benefits and associated risks, outlining specific legislative and organizational measures to transition the currency turnover from the informal sector into the legal economy
Detection of Human Parvovirus 19 in People with Beta Thalassemia Major (the City of Diwaninah)
study samples were collected at Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital / Hematology Center in Diwaniyah city for the period from 1 November 2023 to 1 February 2024. This study aimed to detect the spread of the Parvovirus B19 virus among patients with Thalassemia beta major type. The study included 85 samples from both sexes and different age groups. The samples were divided into two groups: the first included patients with Thalassemia beta major type, and included 72 samples, and the second included the control group (healthy people) and included 13 samples. Blood samples were collected for the study groups of patients visiting the Hematology Center, and the linear polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect viral DNA,
Balancing Freedom Of Information And Social Responsibility In The Democratic Development Of Uzbekistan
In the era of rapid digital transformation, balancing the freedom of information with social and ethical responsibility stands as a critical challenge for emerging democracies. This study explores the evolutionary trajectory and structural elements of information freedom within the context of democratic reforms and civil society building in New Uzbekistan.
Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Iraqi Patients: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study Integrating Microscopy, Molecular Confirmation, and Risk-Factor Analysis
This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among patients in Iraq and the associated risk factors. Intestinal parasitic infections continue to be a major cause of gastrointestinal morbidities in areas where environmental conditions and personal hygiene favor the transmission of parasites. Most published studies in Iraq are limited mainly to single-center designs and depend on microscopy, which underestimates the true prevalence of infections and cannot differentiate between morphologically similar parasites. This study was designed to provide more accurate estimates of the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Iraq. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2025 to March 2026 in six governorates of central and southern Iraq, including Baghdad, Babylon, Karbala, Najaf, Wasit, and Thi-Qar. A total of 240 stool samples were collected, with 40 samples obtained from each governorate. The stool samples were examined by direct saline wet mounts and iodine wet mounts and after concentration by formalin-ethyl acetate. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining was also used. Molecular confirmation by PCR included selected protozoan parasites: Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Cryptosporidium hominis. Demographic, clinical, environmental, and behavioral data were analyzed by chi-square testing and multivariable logistic regression. Intestinal parasites were detected in 94 of 240 patients, giving an overall composite prevalence of 39.2%. Parasites were seen in 78 samples by microscopy (32.5%) and in 89 samples by PCR for selected protozoan parasites (37.1%). The highest infection rates were recorded in Wasit and Thi-Qar (45.0% each), and the lowest rate was observed in Karbala (32.5%). The most frequently confirmed parasites were Giardia duodenalis (12.1%), Entamoeba histolytica (10.8%), Entamoeba dispar (7.1%), Cryptosporidium parvum (6.7%), and Cryptosporidium hominis (3.3%). Microscopy and PCR had substantial agreement with a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.808. Microscopy had a very high specificity of 96.7% but a sensitivity of 82.0% when compared with PCR. Irregular handwashing after toilet use, untreated drinking water, age below 15 years, and animal contact were identified as independent risk factors for infection by multivariable logistic regression.
Assessment Of The Socio-Economic Effects Of Distributed Energy Development (Microgrids And Rooftop Solar Generation) In The Context Of Uzbekistan
The article provides a comprehensive assessment of the socio-economic effects of implementing distributed energy (distributed generation), including microgrids and rooftop solar power plants, in the context of Uzbekistan. Based on an analysis of the current state of the energy sector, characterized by high energy intensity and significant infrastructure deterioration, the potential and direct benefits of decentralized solutions are examined. It is demonstrated that, in addition to direct economic benefits in the form of reduced fuel costs and network losses, distributed energy contributes to enhancing energy security, creating new green jobs, improving the quality of electricity supply for the population, and reducing environmental impacts. Practical recommendations have been developed for government authorities, businesses, and international partners to accelerate the energy transition
Умумтаълим Мактабларининг Ўзбек Тили Дарсларида Ўқувчиларда Нотиқлик Маданиятини Ривожлантириш
Мақолада умумтаълим мактабларининг ўзбек тили дарсларида ўқувчиларнинг нотиқлик маданиятини ривожлантиришнинг назарий-амалий жиҳатлари ёритилган. Шунингдек, мақолада ўзбек тили дарсларида қўлланиладиган интерактив методлар (ролли ўйинлар, нутқ мусобақалари, лойиҳавий ишлар)нинг педагогик имкониятлари таҳлил этилган.
The Concept Of Law: A Theoretical And Methodological Analysis
This article provides a scientific analysis of the content and essence of the concept of law, its role in society, and the main theoretical approaches. It examines the role of law in regulating social relations, as well as its features and functions. Additionally, a comparative analysis of positivist and natural law concepts is presented
A Comparative Study Of The Formation And Development Of Road Construction Terminology
This article examines the history of formation, stages of development, and current state of terminology in the field of road construction on the basis of comparative linguistics methods. A lexical-semantic, morphological, and etymological analysis of terms was carried out on the material of the Uzbek, Russian, and English languages. In the course of the study, the ways in which specialized terminology enters the national terminological system, the ratio between borrowed and native terms, as well as the problems of standardization were reviewed
The prevalence and diagnostic utility of molecular methods for identifying Entamoeba and Giardia lamblia in Iraq
Intestinal parasite infections are the most common cause of infectious disease worldwide, and they have been identified as a public health concern in developing countries. Globally, intestinal Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are responsible for amoebiasis and giardiasis, respectively. Although their significant health impact and widespread incidence in Iraq, they receive little attention in terms of prevalence, sensitive diagnostic tools, and associated risk factors. Different techniques for diagnosis are available for detecting intestinal parasites, with microscopic stool testing being the most prevalent and appropriate method. Nonetheless, one limitation is that it lacks the precision of molecular approaches. Therefore, this study aimed to highlight the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia infections, as well as the molecular detection methods used.
Key Difficulties In Translating Political Discourse
This article examines the translation of political speeches using Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Fireside Chat as an example. The study analyzes the structure of the speech, which follows the pattern of problem, crisis explanation, and solution. Special attention is given to the translation of metaphors, everyday expressions, and other stylistic features. The analysis shows that preserving the simple and conversational tone of the original speech is important for achieving an effective translation
Antimicrobial Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria: Mechanisms, Global Trends, and Control Strategies – A Review
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most critical global health challenges of the 21st century, significantly undermining the efficacy of antibiotics and contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs worldwide. The rapid emergence and dissemination of resistant bacterial strains are largely driven by the misuse and overuse of antimicrobial agents in human medicine, agriculture, and animal husbandry. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the key mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria, including enzymatic drug inactivation, target site modification, overexpression of efflux pumps, and decreased membrane permeability. Furthermore, this study highlights the most clinically significant multidrugresistant (MDR) pathogens, with particular emphasis on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that pose substantial therapeutic challenges. Recent global epidemiological trends are examined to illustrate the rising prevalence and widespread distribution of resistant infections. In addition, current diagnostic approaches—ranging from conventional phenotypic methods to advanced molecular techniques—are critically evaluated in terms of their accuracy, speed, and clinical applicability. The review also discusses existing and emerging strategies to combat AMR, including antimicrobial stewardship programs, the development of novel antibiotics, combination therapies, bacteriophage-based treatments, and alternative approaches such as antimicrobial peptides. Despite these advancements, significant challenges persist, particularly in drug discovery, regulatory frameworks, and the need for coordinated global action.
Preparation and Characterization of azo-Schiff-2- naphthol derivative complexes with metal ions
The research included the preparation and identification of many of ligand with complexes of positively charged, copper, nickel, cobalt and zinc ions with a homocyclic azo-azomethene ligands 1-((E)-4-1-((Z)-1-((4-hydroxyphenyl)diazanyl)imino)phenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-ol (Z1) and two organic ligands, (Z2= Ortho amino phenol) and(Z3= anthranilic acid). The outcome showed that the ligand and minerals mixture have the ratio (metal: ligand: ligand) (1:1:1). The stereoscopic shapes of the ligand mixture complexes were suggested using the results of ultraviolet-visible spectra, as well as the outcome of the susceptibility of magnetic and electrical conductivity measurements of the prepared chelate complexes. The shapes were tetrahedral of the ligand mixture complexes were proposed for the cobalt (II) and zinc (II) ions, and shapes was planar square for the nickel (II) complexes. Copper (II)
Evaluation Of Long-Term Metrological Stability Of Smart Sensor Manometers
This article comprehensively analyzes the long-term metrological stability of smart sensor manometers during operation, their static characteristics, and the factors affecting measurement accuracy. The study investigates drift processes in digital pressure measuring instruments, aging of sensitive elements, environmental influences, and the efficiency of automatic compensation systems. In addition, the influence of microprocessor-based control systems used in smart sensor manometers on metrological reliability is theoretically and experimentally substantiated. The article also discusses the advantages of adaptive verification methods, digital monitoring systems, and long-term calibration strategies. The obtained results contribute to improving the reliability of pressure measuring instruments in industrial enterprises and reducing calibration costs
The Concept Of A Modular Approach In Technological Education And The Methodology Of Teaching The “Skullcap Art” Module
This article examines the history of the formation, theoretical foundations, and application areas of the modular approach. The stages of development of the idea of modularity from the Industrial Revolution to the present day are highlighted, and its importance in programming, engineering, and the education system is revealed. The article also analyzes the essence, structure, and basic principles of modular learning. Particular attention is paid to the effectiveness of applying the modular approach in technological education, especially in teaching the art of skullcap making. It is emphasized that this approach contributes to the development of students’ independent activity, practical skills, and creative thinking. As a result, the important role of the modular approach in improving the quality and effectiveness of education is concluded.
Digital Certification And Conformity Assessment Systems
The rapid expansion of digital technologies has led to significant changes in certification and conformity assessment systems worldwide. Traditional paper-based procedures are gradually being replaced by digital platforms that offer faster processing, improved transparency, stronger security, and easier access to information. These systems help manufacturers, regulators, service providers, and consumers verify compliance with standards and technical regulations more effectively. The study identifies the major technologies used in digital systems, evaluates their practical advantages, analyzes implementation challenges, and discusses future development trends. The findings show that digital certification increases efficiency, reduces fraud, lowers administrative costs, and supports international trade. However, successful implementation also requires legal modernization, cybersecurity protection, and qualified specialists.
Fire From The Standpoint Of Mythology And Culture Of Different Nations
Fire is one of the most ancient symbolic concepts in human thought, which manifests itself as one of the main signs of holiness, change and existence in various religious systems. This article deals with the study of the essence of fire in the mythology and culture of nations who inhabited in Central Asia and ancient Great Britain. Furthermore, the role of fire in antique mythology of Greek is also studied in the article. Based on the analysis, it can be seen that fire holds dual nature
Transport Oqimlarini Boshqarishda Raqamli Texnologiyalarni Qо‘Llash
Данная статья содержит информацию по обеспечению управления трафиком, безопасной и привлекательной системы общественного транспорта, мероприятия по повышению способа и путей решения проблем с пробками на дорогах.
Urinary tract infections and vaginitis are widespread among pregnant women in Mosul
To assess the prevalence and causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) in pregnant women, a study was conducted with 440 pregnant women. Their data were analyzed based on questionnaires and the results of urine and vaginal examinations. The odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated to determine the relationship between UTIs and BV. The results showed that the prevalence of UTIs among pregnant women was 34.3%, while the prevalence of BV was 20.8%. The percentage of women with both infections was 30.1%, while the percentage without was 14.8%. The odds ratio was 1.44, and the confidence interval (CI) at a 95% significance level was 0.95–2.19. This demonstrates a relationship between the infections, where BV predisposes to UTIs and increases the likelihood of developing them
Влияние несъемной ортодонтической техники на состояние твердых тканей зубов и риск развития кариеса
В статье рассматриваются механизмы влияния брекет-систем на стоматологический статус пациентов. Проанализированы факторы рызвития очаговой деминерализации эмали, изменения микробиоценоза полости рта и роль гигиенического сопровождения в процессе ортодонтической коррекции
Испoльзoвание технoлoгий искусственнoгo интеллекта в сoвременнoй oбразoвательнoй среде: метoды и перспективы
В статье анализируются сoвременные пoдхoды к внедрению искусственнoгo интеллекта (ИИ) в oбразовательный прoцесс. Рассматриваются метoды адаптивнoгo oбучения, автoматизация oценки знаний и испoльзoвание интеллектуальных тьютoрских систем. Автoрoм пoдчеркивается рoль ИИ в персoнализации oбучения и трансфoрмации рoли педагога в условиях цифрoвизации.
Dental Fluorosis as a Developmental Pathology of Hard Dental Tissues: Etiology and Pathogenesis
Dental fluorosis is a developmental disorder of enamel caused by excessive fluoride intake during the period of amelogenesis. Despite the well-established cariostatic benefits of fluoride, its chronic overexposure leads to structural and aesthetic alterations in enamel. The aim of this study was to analyze the etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying dental fluorosis as a pathology of hard dental tissues formed during tooth development. A narrative review of contemporary literature was conducted using major scientific databases. The results demonstrate that fluorosis is a dose- and time-dependent condition associated with ameloblast dysfunction, impaired protein degradation, and defective mineralization. The severity of enamel damage varies from mild opacities to severe hypomineralization with structural breakdown. Understanding the mechanisms of fluorosis is essential for prevention, early diagnosis, and rational management of this condition.
Метропластика После Извлечения Плода При Повторном Кесаревом Сечении: Современный Взгляд На Реконструкцию Рубца На Матке.
В данной статье рассматриваются современные подходы к метропластике после извлечения плода при повторном кесаревом сечении. Освещаются особенности формирования и коррекции рубца на матке, а также влияние хирургической техники на репродуктивное здоровье женщины. Анализируются современные методы реконструкции рубцовой ткани, направленные на снижение риска осложнений, таких как несостоятельность рубца, разрыв матки и нарушения имплантации при последующих беременностях. Особое внимание уделяется профилактике акушерских осложнений и улучшению исходов повторных беременностей
Традиционные жилые дома Шахрисабза: историческое наследие и современные трансформации
В статье на основе архивных и полевых материалов рассматриваются особенности традиционной жилой архитектуры Шахрисабза. Выявляются общие и отличительные черты жилищной застройки города и его окрестностей в сопоставлении с другими региональными школами зодчества. Анализ традиционных жилых домов исторической части города позволил выделить три группы построек: утраченные, сохранившие первоначальный облик и адаптированные к современным социальным функциям. Проведённое исследование подчёркивает значимость традиционных жилых домов как источника изучения местных строительных традиций и обосновывает необходимость их профессиональной реставрации и сохранения
Эффективность И Безопасность Длительной Терапии Диеногестом У Пациенток С Аденомиозом И Тазовой Болью
Аденомиоз является значимой причиной хронической тазовой боли у женщин репродуктивного возраста. Целью исследования была оценка эффективности диеногеста (2 мг) при длительном лечении. В ретроспективное исследование включены 84 пациентки. Оценка проводилась по шкале ВАШ и данным УЗИ в течение 12 месяцев терапии. Установлено достоверное снижение интенсивности боли (в 5,5 раза) и уменьшение объема матки на 28,3%. У 78% пациенток развилась аменорея. Диеногест показал высокую эффективность и хорошую переносимость, являясь перспективной альтернативой хирургическому лечению аденомиоза.
Study Of The Synthesis Of Salts Of Tricyclic Quinazoline Alkaloids
Tricyclic quinazoline alkaloids constitute a significant class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. Their structuring features, chemical reactivity, and wide-ranging biological activities have made them a subject of particular interest in organic and medicinal chemistry. The investigation into the synthesis of these heterocyclic frameworks and their salts is propelled by the need to understand their interaction with biological systems and to expand the arsenal of potential pharmacophores for drug discovery. The process of discovering effective synthetic methods for tricyclic quinoxaline alkaloid salts is rooted in the unique aromaticity and electron distribution inherent to these molecules, which in turn dictate the modalities of their reactivity and salt formation. Keywords: Tricyclic quinazoline alkaloids, salt synthesis, heterocyclic compounds, pharmaceutical chemistry, green chemistry, structural characterization, bioactivity
Физико-Химическая И Регламентная Оптимизация Иммобилизации Рекомбинантных Антигенов Hcv На Полистироле В Ифа
Иммобилизация рекомбинантных антигенов HCV на полистироле является ключевым этапом твердофазного ИФА, определяющим аналитическое окно, фон и межсерийную воспроизводимость. Цель работы — научно обосновать выбор условий покрытия и стабилизации антигенного сорбента для анти-HCV ИФА на основе интеграции многофакторного физико-химического ранжирования и данных действующего производственного регламента набора «Рекомбинант-анти-ВГС-стрип». Исследование выполнено в аналитико-сопоставительном дизайне с применением MCDA для сравнения формуляций покрытия, режимов иммобилизации и блок-стабилизирующих систем; дополнительно проанализированы регламентированные характеристики тест-системы (антигенный состав, расчёт порога, критерии годности и нормативные показатели диагностической эффективности). Устойчивость выбора лидера оценивали вариацией весов критериев на ±20%. Показано, что промышленный набор на основе антигенов NS3/NS4/NS5 и Core соответствует регламентным требованиям. В рамках модели наилучший интегральный профиль продемонстрировала формуляция A (карбонатный буфер pH 9,6 + 8 М мочевины; 9,30/10), сохранявшая 1-е место во всех сценариях устойчивости. Среди режимов иммобилизации лидировал холодовой режим 2–8 °C (~18 ч; 9,42/10), а среди блокстабилизирующих систем — 0,175% обезжиренное молоко + 5% сахарозы (9,25/10) и 0,20% очищенный казеин + 5% трегалозы (9,06/10). Интеграция модельных и регламентных данных указывает на нормативно приемлемую работоспособность действующей технологии при наличии резерва модернизации на стадиях покрытия и стабилизации сухого сорбента; предложенный SOP следует рассматривать как научно обоснованный кандидат для последующей экспериментальной и серийной валидации
Ик- И Флуоресцентная Спектроскопия Как Инструмент Экспресс-Контроля Качества Зерновых Культур В Условиях Минерального И Органоминерального Питания
Интеграция методов FT-IR и флуоресцентной спектроскопии продемонстрировала высокую эффективность в экспресс-оценке физиологического состояния и качества зерна пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L., сорт «Гром») при различном минеральном и органоминеральном питании. В условиях контролируемого эксперимента растения выращивались в течение шести месяцев на шести вариантах питательных растворов (контроль; NPK с микроэлементами; повышенные дозы N и K с микроэлементами; Ca–Mg–Fe с микроэлементами; органоминеральный препарат «Гумат-К»; минеральная добавка). Биометрические и биохимические показатели (сухая биомасса, содержание белка, зольность, суммарный хлорофилл, клейковина) сопоставлялись со спектральными характеристиками. В FT-IRспектрах регистрировались полосы амидов I/II (n≈1650/1540 см⁻¹), углеводов (1200–900 см⁻¹) и С–Н растяжений (n≈2930 см⁻¹), отражающие относительное накопление белков, углеводов и липидов. Флуоресцентные спектры фиксировали пики хлорофилла a (l≈ 680 и 730 нм). Результаты показали, что вариант с высокими дозами N и K (№3) обеспечил наибольшие приросты: биомасса +45,5% (относительно контроля), белок +36,7%, хлорофилл +82,2% и клейковина +55,8%. Применение «Гумат-К» (№5) способствовало росту хлорофилла на +77,8%. Интенсивность полос амидов I/II проявляла положительную корреляцию с содержанием белка, тогда как усиление углеводного диапазона наблюдалось при дефиците азота. Повышение флуоресценции при λ=680/730 нм свидетельствовало о росте фотосинтетической активности при оптимальном обеспечении микроэлементами, особенно железом (Fe) и магнием (Mg). Вывод: сочетание FT-IR и флуоресцентного анализа представляет собой быстрый, неразрушающий и экономически доступный метод мониторинга питания и качества зерновых культур. Баланс макро- и микроэлементного обеспечения выступает ключевым фактором повышения продуктивности пшеницы и улучшения технологических свойств зерна [1–3]
Methodology For Developing Students’ Creative Thinking Through Graphic Assignments
This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of developing students’ creative thinking through graphic assignments in higher education. The methodology of enhancing cognitive activity through visual tasks, creative exercises, and problem-solving approaches is discussed. The integration of modern pedagogical technologies into graphic education is also explored.
Возможности Компьютерной-Томографии В Оценке Экстра-Интракраниального Микроанастомоза У Пациентов С Заболеванием Мойя-Мойя
В данной статье описана компьютерно-томографическая ангиогр а ф и я брахиоцефальных артерий головного мозга, а также компьютерно -томографическая перфу зи я головного мозга до и после операции экстра-интраинтракраниального микроанастомоза у пациентов с моя-моя